What are the physics behind waterslides?

Phenomenon Description: Adults and children alike enjoy the summer thrill of racing down waterslides like the ones at Carolina Harbor Waterpark in Charlotte.
Location: Mecklenburg County, Amusement Park   
Grade Level or Course: Physics 

Question: What are the physics behind waterslides?
Crosscutting Concepts: Systems and System Models 
Science Domain: Physical Science 
NC Standard: PS.Phy.2 Analyze systems of forces and their interaction with matter.
NC Objective(s): 
PS.Phy.2.1 Use free body models to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze systems of forces in one dimension and two dimensions.
PS.Phy.2.2 Carry out investigations to explain the interactions of forces on an object according to Newton’s Laws of Motion.
PS.Phy.2.3 Use models to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze basic forces related to movement of an object in a circular path (centripetal force).
NC Standard:
PS.Phy.3 Analyze the motion of objects based on the principles of conservation of momentum and impulse in one dimension.
NC Objective:
PS.Phy.3.2 Use mathematics and computational thinking to analyze the relationship among impulse, momentum, and Newton's 3rd law.
NC Standard:
PS.Phy.6 Understand the relationship among work, energy, and power.
NC Objective:
PS.Phy.6.1 Use models to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the kinetic and potential energy in a system.

Additional Resources: 
The Physics Behind Waterslides | Melody Kramer, July 5, 2013 | National Geographic 
The Science of Summer Fun | Shay Maunz, April 30, 2018 | Time for Kids 
How Do Waterslides Work? | Mission UnStoppable 
The Physics of Water Slides | Scope TV